Direct Indirect Speeches explained in Urdu
To have comprehensive understanding of English in Urdu, you have to learn its grammar and Direct Indirect Speech in Urdu. We will explain in simple Urdu as to what are direct and indirect speeches, what are the various rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa? What are reported speech and reporting verbs? and will put light on various other related issues so that you learn direct indirect speech in Urdu.
Direct & Indirect Speeches اردو میں سیکھیں
اس صفحے پر آپ نیچے بیان کیے گۓ topics کے بارے میں جانیں گے۔ ان topics پر براہ راست جانے کے لیے انہیں کلک کریں:-
Direct اور Indirect Speeches سے کیا مراد ہے؟
Direct Indirect Speeches میں استعمال ہونے والی terminology
Direct Speech کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟
Indirect Speech کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟
Direct Speech سے Indirect Speech میں تبدیل کرنے کے اصول
Auxiliary/Modal Verb سے شروع ہونے والےسوالیہ جملوں کی تبدیلی
Where, what type جملوں کی تبدیلی
Imperative Sentences کی تبدیلی
Direct اور Indirect Speeches سے کیا مراد ہے؟
جب ہم کسی دوسرے شخص کے الفاظ، لفظ بہ لفظ، بغیر کسی ترمیم کے، inverted commas (انہیں Quotation marks بھی کہتے ہی) کے اندر لکھتے ہیں تو یہ Direct Speech کہلاتی ہے۔ اور اگر ہم کسی دوسرے کے الفاظ خود اپنے الفاظ میں بغیر inverted commas کے لکھیں تو یہ Indirect Speech کہلاتی ہے۔
آئیے اسے ایک مثال سے سمجھتے ہیں۔ احمد نے کہا ، میں بازار جاؤں گا۔ انگریزی میں اگرہم احمد کے الفاظ میں لکھنا چاہتے ہیں تو ہم لکھیں گے :-
"۔Ahmed said, "I will go to market
اسے ہم Direct Speech کہتے ہیں یعنی بولنے والے کے الفاظ دہرا دیے۔ لیکن اگر ہم ان الفاظ کو اپنے الفاظ میں لکھیں تو اس طرح لکھیں گے:-
.Ahmed said that he would go to market
یہ Indirect Speech ہے۔ یہاں ہم نے اپنے الفاظ میں احمد کے کہے ہوے الفاظ لکھ دیے۔ کیونکہ یہ ہمارے الفاظ ہیں، ہم نے I کو he سے تبدیل کر دیا اور tense بھی تبدیل کر دیا ۔ اس کے بارے میں تفصیل سے آگے چل کر پڑہیں گے۔
یہ یاد رکھیے گا کہ Direct and Indirect Speech کا تعلق written English سے ہے۔ Inverted commas صرف لکھنے میں لگ سکتے ہیں۔
Direct Indirect Speech میں استعمال ہونے والی terminology
"Ahmed said, "I will go to the market
اوپر دیا گیا جملہ Direct Speech میں ہے۔ پہہلا حصہ جو انڈر لائین ہے”reporting clause” کہلاتا ہے۔ دوسرا حصہ جو بولڈ ہے اور inverted commas کے درمیان ہے "Reported Clause” کہلاتا ہے۔ اس کو quoted speech بھی کہتے ہیں۔ Indirect Speech میں تبدیل کریں تو جملہ یوں ہو جاۓ گا:
.Ahmed said that he would go to the market
اس حالت میں یہ جملہ Indirect Speech یا Reported Speech کہلاتا ہے۔پہلے حصہ”Ahmed Said” کو reporting clause اور دوسرے حصے "he would go to the market” کو reported clause یا reported speech کہتے ہیں۔
Direct Speech کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟
Direct Speech میں پہلے جس کے الفاظ لکھے جا رہے ہیں، کا ذکر ہوتا ہے جو noun یا pronoun ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے ساتھ لفظ say یا tell استعمال ہوتا ہے جسے زیادہ تر simple past form میں لکھا جاتا ہے کیونکہ کہی ہوئی بات عام طور پر past tense میں ہوتی ہے۔ اس طرح reporting clause میں said یا told استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے بعد coma لگتا ہے۔ Inverted Commas کے درمیان کہے ہوے الفاظ ہو بہو لکھے جاتے ہیں۔ verb میں بھی کوئی تبدیلی نہیں ہوتی ہے۔
reported clause کو reporting clause سے پہلے بھی لکھا جا سکتا ہے، جیسے:-
"I will go to the market”, Ahmed said.
Indirect Speech کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟
Indirect Speech کا آغاز reporting clause سے ہی ہوتا ہے۔ اگر جملہ affirmative یعنی بیانیہ ہو تو reporting clause میں said یا told استعمال ہوتے ہیں، اگر جملہ interrogative یعنی سوالیہ ہو تو asked یا inquired استعمال ہوتے ہیں اور اگر imperative یعنی حکمیہ ہو تو ordered یا requested استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ کچھ اور الفاظ جیسے:exclaimed, replied, suggested, advised, agreed, complained اور shouted بھی استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
Indirect Speech میں reporting clause کے بعد آنے والے coma اور quoted speech کے inverted commas کو ہٹا دیا جاتا ہے اور verb کو ایک درجہ ماضی میں پیچھے لے جایا جاتا ہے جس کے بارے میں ہم مزید کچھ دیر میں پڑہیں گے۔
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Direct Speech سے Indirect Speech میں تبدیل کرنے کے اصول
1۔ Punctuation کی تبدیلی:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| Ahmed said he would go to the market. | Ahmed said, "I will go to the market.” |
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2۔ Reporting Clause اور Reported Speech کے درمیان that کا استعمال:
Affirmative Sentences ( بیانیہ جملوں) میں reporting clause اور reported speech کے درمیان that بھی لگا یا جاتا ہے، مگر یہ ضروری نہیں ہے۔ آپ لگانا چاہیں تو لگا لیں، نہیں لگائیں گے تو جملہ غلط نھیں ہو گا۔ ویسے آج کل اس کا استعمال بہت کم ہے:
Ahmed said that he would go to the market. (correct)
Ahmed said he would go to the market. (correct)
3. Reporting Clause میں object کی موجودگی:
اگر direct speech میں object بھی موجود ہو تو indirect speech میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے say کو tell میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے اور reported speech کے noun/pronoun کو object کے مطابق تبدیل کیا جا تا ہے :
4۔ Person کی تبدیلی:
Reported speech کا pronoun اگر first person یعنی We, I یا our, my ہو تو اسے reporting clause کے subject کے مطابق تبدیل کر دیا جا تا ہے۔
Reported speech کا pronoun اگر second person یعنی you ہو تو اسے I یا we سے اور اگر your ہو تو اسے my یاour سے تبدیل کر دیا جا تا ہے۔
Reported speech کا pronoun اگر third person یعنی he, she, it, they یا کوئی نام ہو تو کوئی تبدیلی نہیں آتی ہے۔
5۔ اگر reporting clause کا ٹینس Present Perfect, Present Indefinite یا Future Indefinite ہو تو reported speech کا tense تبدیل نہیں ہوتا:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| Ahmed says he is playing cricket. | Ahmed says, “I am playing cricket.” |
| Ahmed and Wajeeh say they play cricket. | Ahmed and Wajeeh say, "We play cricket”. |
| She has said she will not go to cinema. | She has said, "I will not go to cinema.” |
| We will say we can finish it. | We will say, "We can finish it.” |
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6. اگر reporting clause کا Past Indefinite Tense ہے تو reported speech کا tense درج ذیل طریقوں سے تبدیل ہوگا:
Present Simple Tense into Past Simple Tense
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| Ahmed said (that) he always took dinner at 9 pm. | Ahmed said, “He always takes dinner at 9 pm.” |
Present Continuous Tense into Past Continuous Tense
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| Fauzia said that she was looking for her keys. | Faiza said, “I am looking for my keys.” |
Present Perfect Tense into Past Perfect Tense
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| He said she had written three letters to the Mayor. | He said, “She has written three letters to the Mayor.” |
Past Simple Tense into Past Perfect Tense
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| Ali told Saima his friend had given him a new shirt. | Ali said to Saima, “My friend gave me a new shirt.” |
Past Continuous Tense into Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| They said that they had been living in Lahore. | They said, “We were living in Lahore.” |
Past Perfect Tense
(The tense remains unchanged)
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| She told mother the bread had gone stale. | She said to mother, “The bread had gone stale.” |
Future Simple Tense (e.g. will) into "would”
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| Ahmed said he would finish his work in a week. | Ahmed said, “I will finish my work in a week.” |
Future Progressive Tense (e.g. will be) into “would be”
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| My friend said he would be making tea. | My friend said, “I will be making tea.” |
Future Perfect Tense (e.g. will have) into “would have”
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| My son said he would have called a doctor. | My son said, “I will have called a doctor.” |
Future Perfect Tense (e.g. will have been) into “would have been”
Example:
| Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
| They said all the money would have been stolen. | They said, “All the money will have been stolen.” |
7. اگر reported speech ہیں کوئی universal truth بیان کیا گیا ہے تو indirect speech کے tense ہیں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں ہوگی:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
My doctor said Corona Virus can be avoided by social distancing. |
My doctor said, "Corona Virus can be avoided by social distancing.” |
8. اگر reporting clause کا Past Indefinite Tense ہے اور reported speech میں Modal Verb استعمال ہوا ہے تو درج ذیل طریقوں سے تبدیل ہوگا:
can into could
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
She told me she could speak Urdu. |
She said to me, “I can speak Urdu.” |
could (The verb remains unchanged)
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
They said he could play in the match. |
They said, “He could play in the match.” |
have to into had to
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
She said she had to submit papers by 31st December. |
She said, “I have to submit papers by 31st December.” |
must into must/had to
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
They said they must/had to get some money. |
They said, “They must get some money.” |
may into might
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
He said that he might invite them to the dinner. |
He said, “I may invite them to dinner.” |
might (The verb remains unchanged)
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
She said he might get a ticket the next day. |
She said, “He might get a ticket tomorrow.” |
should (The verb remains unchanged)
Example:
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
Ahmed said that he should start some work. |
Ahmed said, “I should start some work.” |
9۔ Auxiliary/Modal Verb سے شروع ہونے والے سوالیہ جملوں کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:
- reporting verb کو ask میں بدل دیا جاتا ہے۔
- reported verb کے بعد if لگایا جاتا ہے۔
- سوالیہ جملے کو بیانیہ جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔
- Person اور tense کی تبدیلی اس سے پہلے بتاۓ ہوے قواعد کے مظابق ہوتی ہے۔
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
Ahmed asked Rabia if she could speak Arabic. |
Ahmed said to Rabia, "Can you speak Arabic?” |
|
Mother asked me if I had been sleeping all the time. |
Mother said to me, "Were you sleeping all the time?” |
|
She asked if I would go to school. |
She said, "Will you go to school?” |
|
She asked me if I knew her. |
She said to me, "Do you know me?” |
|
He asked me if I had seen his ball. |
He said to me, "Did you see my ball?” |
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10۔type, ......... where, what سوالیہ (Interrogative) جملوں کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:
- reporting verb کو ask میں بدل دیا جاتا ہے۔
- Direct Speech والے سوالیہ لفظ (what, where …)کو Indirect Speech میں بھی دہراتے ہیں
- سوالیہ جملے کو بیانیہ جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔
- Person اور tense کی تبدیلی اس سے پہلے بتاۓ ہوے قواعد کے مظابق ہوتی ہے۔
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
Ahmed asked Rabia when she would return. |
Ahmed said to Rabia, "When will you return?” |
|
Mother asked me where I had been sleeping. |
Mother said to me, "Where were you sleeping?” |
|
She asked when I would go to school. |
She said, "When will you go to school?” |
|
She asked me who had done it. |
She said to me, "Who did it?” |
|
He asked me how I had found his ball. |
He said to me, "How did you find my ball?” |
Learn about Direct and Indirect Speeches in Urdu
Learn Direct Indirect Speeches in Urdu
11. Imperative Sentences (حکمیہ/ التجائی) جملوں کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:
- حکم کے لیے reporting verb کو order, warn یا ask میں اور درخواست کے لیے reporting verb کو beg, advise, request, یا tell میں بدل دیا جاتا ہے۔
- Positive Imperative Sentences کو to سے، اور Negative Imperative Sentences کو not to سے شروع کیا جاتا ہے۔
- Reporting Verb میں اگر object نہ ہو تو خود سے لگا لیں۔
|
Indirect Speech |
Direct Speech |
|
She asked me not to go to the office. |
She said to me, “Don’t go to the office.” |
|
Ahmed asked Rabia to stop talking. |
Ahmed said to Rabia, "Stop talking.” |
|
Mother warned me not to do it again. |
Mother said to me, "Don’t do it again.” |
|
She requested me to find her a job. |
She said to me, "Find me a job.” |
|
My friend requested me to help him. |
My friend said, “Please help me.” |
|
The doctor advised me not to walk for more than one hour. |
The doctor told me, "Don’t walk for more than one hour.” |
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12. Exclamatory Sentences (جزباتی جملوں) کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:
- Exclamatory Sentence کو بیانیہ جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔
- Reporting clause میں say یا express with joy/sorrow کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ Say کا زیادہ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
- Direct Speech میں استعمال ہونے والے Exclamatory Words کو ہٹا دیا جاتا ہے۔
- Reporting Clause اور reported speech کے درمیان that لگا یا جاتا ہے۔
- Person اور tense کی تبدیلی اس سے پہلے بتاۓ ہوے قواعد کے مظابق ہوتی ہے۔
Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
My friend expressed with sorrow that he is ruined. | My friend said, "Alas! I am ruined.” |
Ahmed exclaimed that it was beautiful. | Ahmed said, "How beautiful it is!” |
My son said that it was a silly mistake. | My son said, "What a silly mistake!” |
My mother exclaimed that it was a hot day. | My mother said, "What a hot day!” |
She thanked me. | She said to me, "Thank you.” |
Learn about Direct and Indirect Speeches in Urdu
13. Time اور Place کے اظہار کے الفاظ درج ذیل الفاظ سے بدل دیے جاتے ہیں:
Examples:-
Indirect Speech | Direct Speech |
She said she had seen Baqar the day before. | ".She said, "I saw Baqar yesterday |
.He said that his mother was there | .”He said: "My mother is here |
He said that it had been hot the day before. | .”He said: "It was hot yesterday |
He said they were going to swim the next day. | He said: "We are going to swim tomorrow.” |
He said that it was cold there. | .”He said: "It is cold here |
He asked how much that book was. | ?”He said: "How much is this book |
Learn Direct Indirect Speeches in Urdu
Direct Indirect speeches پر ہماری یہ ویڈیو بھی دیکھیں۔
Modals کی reported speech پر ہماری یہ ویڈیو دیکھیں۔
